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2 results

  • 1 - Learning and Memory in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

  • from Part I - Evolution of Learning Processes
  • Edited by Mark A. Krause, Southern Oregon University, Karen L. Hollis, Mount Holyoke College, Massachusetts, Mauricio R. Papini, Texas Christian University
  • Book:
    Evolution of Learning and Memory Mechanisms
    Published online:
    26 May 2022
    Print publication:
    19 May 2022, pp 15-32

  • Summary

    Caenorhabditis elegans is a microscopic, free-living nematode species that has been studied as a model organism for learning and memory. With a nervous system consisting of 302 neurons, its accessible anatomy accommodates an incredible capacity to support a wide range of behaviors to navigate in its surroundings. In this chapter, we review both the classic and cutting-edge studies on learning and memory in C. elegans. These findings illustrate that learning allows C. elegans to adaptively adjust its behaviors to the environment as a result of experiences and plays a key role in promoting the organism’s fitness. Learning and memory in simple organisms like C. elegans is mediated by complex neural and molecular mechanisms. Mechanisms of learning and memory elucidated from C. elegans studies show convergence onto the learning mechanisms discovered in other species, suggesting that a large portion of the neural principles of learning and memory are rooted in evolution.

  • 18 - Computational Models in Personality and Social Psychology

  • from Part III - Computational Modeling of Various Cognitive Functionalities and Domains
  • Edited by Ron Sun
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    28 April 2008, pp 505-529

  • Summary

    This chapter focuses on cognitive as opposed to sensori-motor skills and on models that create or alter symbolic knowledge representations. It deals briefly with models that learn by adjusting quantitative properties of knowledge structures. Although occasionally referring to empirical studies, the chapter is primarily a review of theoretical concepts. It proceeds on the assumption that each hypothesis contains some grain of truth to be extracted and incorporated into future models. The learning mechanism is a more finegrained unit than the model or the cognitive architecture. Cognitive descriptions of processes in the mind are functional descriptions of what this or that piece of wetware is doing, what function it carries out. This perspective points to the need to understand the relation between learning mechanisms and modes of neural plasticity.