This final chapter reflects on the implications of the rise and fall of the EPRDF. The discussion considers, first, the EPRDF’s legacy for Ethiopian politics and development, and, second, the relevance of Ethiopia for debates about late-late development and authoritarian durability. While the beginning of the twenty-first century has seen resurgent interest in state-led development and industrial policy, there has been insufficient attention to the political economy drivers that might realise structural transformation in a context of late-late development. For many East Asian late developers, authoritarian leaders pursued development as a means of maintaining political order. While somewhat comparable processes underpinned rapid growth in Ethiopia, the EPRDF’s failings raise doubts regarding the potential for authoritarian state-led development in Africa. The realisation of hopes for structural transformation in Africa will require new political configurations that provide rulers with the incentives to pursue political survival through economic transformation within the constraints of late-late development.