Larvae of the African River Prawn Macrobrachium vollenhovenii, indigenous to West Africa, were reared at various salinities (0-32‰). A salinity range of 16-24‰ was found most suitable with highest survival and growth, and lowest number and duration of instars. Freshwater was lethal already to zoea I - larvae. A mass culture experiment demonstrated the aquaculture potential of this Macrobrachium species. Larval rearing to postlarvae was possible applying the same methods as for M. rosenbergii. Detailed descriptions of rearing techniques are provided.