Stress caused by early weed competition is known to delay the rate of maize
development which may result in a decrease in kernel number. Kernel number
in maize is correlated negatively with the length of the anthesis-silking
interval (ASI). A short ASI has been identified as an easily measured,
visual trait which may identify enhanced drought tolerance in maize. Field
studies were conducted to test whether: (1) delaying weed control would
result in a lengthening of ASI in both a drought tolerant and non-drought
tolerant maize hybrid and (2) the presence of drought tolerance genetics
comes at a physiological cost, resulting in a greater yield reduction under
weedy conditions. In this study, the response of a drought tolerant hybrid
with its non-drought tolerant near-isoline was compared to seven different
timings of weed control using wheat as a surrogate competitor. Results
confirmed that there was no treatment by hybrid interaction at any site–yr
for any of the parameters evaluated. Delaying weed control reduced plant
height, leaf tip number, shifted and reduced biomass accumulation, kernel
number and grain yield and lengthened ASI for both hybrids. Although yield
losses occurred with the delay in weed control timing, no yield differences
were observed between hybrids suggesting that there was no additional
physiological cost associated with the drought tolerant traits. The drought
tolerant hybrid, however, was found to have a shorter ASI, lower kernel
number and higher kernel wt compared to the non-drought tolerant hybrid.
This study confirmed that delaying weed control can influence the length of
ASI, which is an important drought tolerant trait. The lengthening of ASI by
early weed competition resulted in a rate of yield loss of 0.13 T
ha−1 growing degree days (GDD)−1 when averaged
across both hybrids and all treatments.