Search

Only show content I have access to (0)

Chapters (1)

Over 3 years (1)

From year:

To year:

Apply

Medicine (1)

Cambridge University Press (1)

1 results

17 - Cervical cancer: prevention, screening, and early detection
from Part IV - Cancer prevention
- By Jo Ann Rosenfeld, Professor Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
Edited by Jo Ann Rosenfeld, The Johns Hopkins University
Book:

Women's Health in Mid-Life

Published online:

21 August 2009

Print publication:

25 March 2004, pp 287-292
- Chapter
- - Get access
    
    Check if you have access via personal or institutional login
    
    Log in Register
- Export citation
Summary

The incidence of cervical cancer has decreased since the 1950s and stabilized in the 1980s in the USA. The rate of cervical cancer varies widely with race. The purpose of the Pap test is to detect and treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and, thus, prevent invasive cancer. Case-control studies in the UK have found that cervical cancer screening by Pap test has changed the incidence of cervical cancer over the past 20 years. The frequency, initiation, and cessation of regular Pap tests are controversial. The risk factors linked with cervical cancer include infection with certain subtypes of human papilloma virus (HPV), multiple sexual partners, sexually transmitted diseases, low socioeconomic status, and smoking. Most cases of squamous cervical cancers are caused by HPV. Although the incidence decreases with age, women aged 40-65 years still need cervical cancer screening, but perhaps less often than at younger ages.