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2 results

  • Targeting binge eating in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder using inhibitory control training and implementation intentions: a feasibility trial

  • Rayane Chami, Valentina Cardi, Natalia Lawrence, Pamela MacDonald, Katie Rowlands, John Hodsoll, Janet Treasure
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 52 / Issue 5 / April 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    27 July 2020, pp. 874-883
  • Background

    This trial examined the feasibility, acceptability, and effect sizes of clinical outcomes of an intervention that combines inhibitory control training (ICT) and implementation intentions (if-then planning) to target binge eating and eating disorder psychopathology.

    Methods

    Seventy-eight adult participants with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder were randomly allocated to receive food-specific, or general, ICT and if-then planning for 4 weeks.

    Results

    Recruitment and retention rates at 4 weeks (97.5% and 79.5%, respectively) met the pre-set cut-offs. The pre-set adherence to the intervention was met for the ICT sessions (84.6%), but not for if-then planning (53.4%). Binge eating frequency and eating disorder psychopathology decreased in both intervention groups at post-intervention (4 weeks) and follow-up (8 weeks), with moderate to large effect sizes. There was a tendency for greater reductions in binge eating frequency and eating disorders psychopathology (i.e. larger effect sizes) in the food-specific intervention group. Across both groups, ICT and if-then planning were associated with small-to-moderate reductions in high energy-dense food valuation (post-intervention), food approach (post-intervention and follow-up), anxiety (follow-up), and depression (follow-up). Participants indicated that both interventions were acceptable.

    Conclusions

    The study findings reveal that combined ICT and if-then planning is associated with reductions in binge eating frequency and eating disorder psychopathology and that the feasibility of ICT is promising, while improvements to if-then planning condition may be needed.

  • 40 - Self-Control Interventions

  • from Part III - Behavior Change Interventions: Practical Guides to Behavior Change
  • Edited by Martin S. Hagger, Linda D. Cameron, Kyra Hamilton, Griffith University, Nelli Hankonen, University of Helsinki, Taru Lintunen, University of Jyväskylä
  • Book:
    The Handbook of Behavior Change
    Published online:
    04 July 2020
    Print publication:
    23 July 2020, pp 586-598

  • Summary

    Research has shown self-control to be an important factor in determining behavior and outcomes in multiple contexts (e.g., health, education, workplace, interpersonal relationships). Self-control requires effortful pursuit of distal goals in favor of more immediately rewarding, proximal goals, particularly when those goals conflict. Individuals with good self-control exhibit well-developed self-regulatory skills that help them manage these conflicts or avoid them altogether. Over time, such skills enable strategic automization of behaviors in service of distal goals. Although self-control is often viewed as “trait-like”, research has suggested that self-control can be incrementally improved. A prominent means to improve self-control is through self-control or inhibitory control training, which involves repeated engagement in tasks that require inhibition of prepotent responses. Repetition of behaviors to develop habits and training individuals on inhibitory control tasks have been shown to be effective in improving self-control. There is a need for more high-quality studies using ecologically valid behavioral measures and long-term follow-up to provide more robust evidence on self-control training interventions. Preliminary guidelines for self-control interventions suggest that practicing self-control for a specified period of time in a particular domain or self-control will improve self-control in other domains. However, research needs to develop protocols involving meaningful, engaging training tasks that are acceptable in “real-world” contexts.