Chapter 16 contains a description of the main aspects of the negotiating history of Article XIX and the Agreement on Safeguards. It provides a summary of the main issues of contention during the negotiation of Article XIX of the GATT 1947, and how the proposals ended up in the final version of the provision in the GATT 1947. Chapter 16 also describes the process of negotiation leading to the establishment of the Agreement on Safeguards and the evolution of the different drafts up to the conclusion of the Uruguay Round. The chapter ends with a conclusion from the author on the manner in which the establishment of the safeguard regulatory system evolved.

Chapter 10 describes the general obligation that Members introduced into the Agreement on Safeguards to terminate measures that were imposed under the rules of the GATT 1947. The provision proved to be effective as all the measures that were notified as pre-existing the WTO have been eliminated. Article 10 is a reflection of the old concern that gave rise to the negotiation of the Agreement on Safeguards: the need to eliminate grey-area measures or measures that escaped multilateral control.