A new procedure for simulating the active lateral force (Pa) is proposed for clays with anisotropic spatially variable undrained shear strength (su). With the proposed procedure, the Pa samples can be simulated without the use of the random field finite element method (RFEM). It requires only simple algebraic calculations and chart checking. Two retaining wall examples with isotropic or anisotropic random field are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.

In this study, physical and numerical models were used to analyze pipe-soil interaction during pipejacking work. After calibrating with the physical modeling results, the finite element software ABAQUS [1] was used to study the pipejacking related behavior, such as surface subsidence, failure mechanism, pipe-soil interaction, etc. The results show that the driving force in the tunnelling face is very important and critical for pipejacking. Surface subsidence is mainly due to the lack of driving force, however, excessive driving force could cause the unfavorable surface heaving problem. It also suggests that the depth of the pipe is critical to determine a proper driving force to stabilize the tunnelling face.