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3 results

  • 5 - Implementation and evaluation

  • from Part 1 - Theory
  • Adam Sutton, Adrian Cherney, University of Queensland, Rob White, University of Tasmania, Garner Clancey, University of Sydney
  • Book:
    Crime Prevention
    Published online:
    22 April 2021
    Print publication:
    23 February 2021, pp 83-112

  • Summary

    Implementation failure has been identified as a key problem plaguing crime prevention programs in Australia and abroad. There are numerous reasons for this, including a lack of continuous funding, poor strategy design, ineffective systems to govern implementation, incompatible priorities between central and local government, inadequate political leadership and support among stakeholders, rivalry and an unwillingness to share data between agencies, and insufficient capacity at the local level to facilitate and coordinate program delivery. One factor that confounds the process of implementation is that often it relies upon partnership approaches, with it becoming more challenging to coordinate and achieve strategy outcomes when there are multiple partners participating in a crime prevention program. This chapter discusses an evidence-based approach to crime prevention policy and practice, the challenges of implementing crime prevention strategies, key knowledge and skills to 'do' crime prevention work, factors essential to successful strategy implementation, various evaluation methods, and building capacity for implementation and evaluation.

  • Mass-Casualty Triage: Time for an Evidence-Based Approach

  • Jennifer Lee Jenkins, Melissa L. McCarthy, Lauren M. Sauer, Gary B. Green, Stephanie Stuart, Tamara L. Thomas, Edbert B. Hsu
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 23 / Issue 1 / February 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 June 2012, pp. 3-8
    Print publication:
    February 2008

  • Mass-casualty triage has developed from a wartime necessity to a civilian tool to ensure that constrained medical resources are directed at achieving the greatest good for the most number of people. Several primary and secondary triage tools have been developed, including Simple Treatment and Rapid Transport (START), JumpSTART, Care Flight Triage, Triage Sieve, Sacco Triage Method, Secondary Assessment of Victim Endpoint (SAVE), and Pediatric Triage Tape. Evidence to support the use of one triage algorithm over another is limited, and the development of effective triage protocols is an important research priority. The most widely recognized mass-casualty triage algorithms in use today are not evidence-based, and no studies directly address these issues in the mass-casualty setting. Furthermore, no studies have evaluated existing mass-casualty triage algorithms regarding ease of use, reliability, and validity when biological, chemical, or radiological agents are introduced. Currently, the lack of a standardized mass-casualty triage system that is well validated, reliable, and uniformly accepted, remains an important gap. Future research directed at triage is recognized as a necessity, and the development of a practical, universal, triage algorithm that incorporates requirements for decontamination or special precautions for infectious agents would facilitate a more organized mass-casualty medical response.

  • 1 - An Overview of Injury Research

  • Edited by Frederick P. Rivara, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle, Peter Cummings, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle, Thomas D. Koepsell, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle, David C. Grossman, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle, Ronald V. Maier, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle
  • Book:
    Injury Control
    Published online:
    16 October 2009
    Print publication:
    27 November 2000, pp 1-14

  • Summary

    During the twentieth century, deaths from infectious diseases have declined dramatically around the world, particularly in industrialized countries. Injury prevention strategies have long existed; however, only relatively recently have these interventions been based on firm scientific evidence and rigorous evaluation. It is the evidence-based approach to advances in injury control that holds the most promise in further reducing the impact of injury on our society. One of the most important milestones in the development of injury research was the publication of Accident Research: Methods and Approaches by Haddon et al. in 1964. Research into violence-related injury has been predominantly conducted by criminologists, psychologists, and sociologists. Injury research must incorporate the scientific advances as it searches for etiologic mechanisms of injury, tests new interventions, especially those based on new technology and laboratory discoveries, and examines the impact of interventions on patient outcomes.