The amphipod, Ampithoe valida, presumably native to the Atlantic coast of North America, has been recorded from several other parts of the world. Hitherto, the only published records from Europe originate from Portugal. Evidence is presented that this species has been introduced to northern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea as well.

Phytoplankton primary production and copepod production, and the size composition of the phytoplankton community in Tolo Harbour, a semi-enclosed bay in north-eastern Hong Kong, were studied from February 2008 to March 2009. Chlorophyll-a (Chl a) concentrations decreased from an average of 9.07 µg l−1 in the inner part of the bay to 3.07 µg l−1 at the mouth of the bay. In terms of contribution to total Chl a biomass, the >20 µm size fraction dominated the phytoplankton community. The zooplankton community in Tolo Harbour was dominated by small copepods, with cephalothorax length ranging from ~0.3 to 0.4 mm, and the density of copepods decreased from ~15,000 ind.m−3 in the inner part of the bay to ~9,700 ind.m−3 at the mouth of the bay. Depth-integrated net primary production in Tolo Harbour was high, ranging from 0.34 to 10.40 g C m−2 day−1, with an overall mean of 2.64 g C m−2 day−1. In contrast, copepod production was low, ranging from 0.19 to 16.64 mg C m−3 day−1, with an overall mean of 2.73 mg C m−3 day−1. The low transfer efficiency of 1.4% between phytoplankton primary production and copepod secondary production suggests that the large phytoplankton was inefficiently grazed by the small copepods in Tolo Harbour.

As euglenophytes were found to be especially abundant in the Siemianówka Reservoir, Poland, in July 1994, a detailed floristic survey was made. Among the 40 euglenophyta taxa, Trachelomonas was most frequent, with 29 species. The other taxa were Phacus (5), Euglena (5), Lepocinclis (4) and Monomorphina (1). Nine taxa were first recorded for Poland: Trachelomonas curta var. minima, T. intermedia var. papillata, T. neotropica, T. globularis fo. punctata, T. oblonga var. australica, T. planctonica fo. longicollis, fo. ornata, and var. flexicollis, T. silvatica. Details of ultrastructure are illustrated for 29 taxa. T. volvocina var. coranata and var. papilato-punctata are documented with SEM for the first time.