Sperm cryopreservation plays an important role in the field of male infertility and reproductive medicine. A donor sperm cryopreservation program has been developed and improved in mainland China. The conventional approach to sperm cryopreservation is to simply dilute semen with cryoprotectant and cryopreserve in liquid nitrogen until the sperm samples are thawed for use. Patients with spinal cord injuries often have a problem with poor sperm production as well as ejaculation after the damage. Electroejaculation is usually performed under a general anesthesia while the patient is placed in lateral decubitus. With the advance of new approaches for sperm vitrification, treatment of male infertility will become more effective without using sperm donors. Using vitrification for cryopreservation of sperm obtained from testicular biopsy, epididymal fluid, or a semen sample after electroejaculation could create new hope for infertile men.

Encompassing a broad spectrum of conditions, ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) includes premature ejaculation (PE), anejaculation(AE), and retrograde ejaculation (RE). This chapter discusses the incidence rate, diagnosis methods and treatment options available for treating EjD. Behavioral/psychological treatments, topical anesthetic agents, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIS) and phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitors are the treatment options available for PE. Penile vibratory stimulation, electroejaculation, and surgical sperm extraction from the epididymis or testes are all successful methods for obtaining sperm for later use with ART in AE where the success rates of other methods are low. Common causes of RE can be categorized as anatomic, neurogenic, pharmacological, or idiopathic in origin. Anticholinergics, alpha-adrenergic agonists, or similar combinations may be used to modulate bladder neck activity but are not as effective as imipramine, which should be considered the first-line therapeutic agent for RE.