Indigenous communities inherit a disproportionate burden of risks associated with climate change impacts, largely due to social and ecological determinants of health consistent with enduring architecture of settler-colonialism. Indigenous youth, then, must contend with histories of dispossession, loss, and historical trauma while also shouldering the reality of climate change that threatens their livelihoods and those of their communities. This chapter discusses the historical implications of colonialism on Indigenous youth mental health, while also considering the direct and indirect climate impacts on Indigenous youth wellness and mental health, particularly from a social and ecological determinants of health perspective. In addition, the authors advance that ethical principles and calls to action to privilege health equity promote the adaptive capacity of Indigenous youth and their communities. Finally, this chapter concludes with recognizing how Indigenous epistemologies and kinship systems can promote health and well-being of Indigenous youth, while also improving planetary health in the process.