Patients suffering from various subtypes of dysthymia were compared with regard to demographic, clinical and personality characteristics. Patients with secondary dysthymia, as compared to those with primary dysthymia, had an earlier age of onset and a higher frequency of Axis I co-diagnoses (in particular anxiety disorders). Patients with pure dysthymia, as compared to those with double depression, showed an earlier age of onset of Axis I co-diagnoses, a later age of onset of dysthymic disorder and a shorter duration of the disease.