In the tropics, insect pests cause considerable damage to soybean, Glycine max and mungbean, Vigna radiata from germination until harvest and even in storage. Agromyzid flies in the seedling stage, lepidopterous and coleopterous defoliators in the vegetative and early reproductive stages, pentatomid and coreid bugs and lepidopterous pod-borers in the reproductive stage, and bruchids in storage all cause significant damage. Sources of resistance to agromyzids in mungbean (AVRDC accession V 4281), defoliators (PI 171451, PI 227687, PI 229358) and stink bugs (PI 227687 and PI 171444) in soybean, and bruchids in mungbean (V 2164) are available. In most cases, antibiosis appears to be the major mechanism of resistance. These sources are being exploited in the development of agromyzid-resistant mungbean, defoliator- and stink bug-resistant soybean, and bruchid-resistant mungbean at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC). Diversity in insect species within a pest complex and, in certain cases, biotypes of single pest at different locations as well as pest ecology are likely to influence the resistance reaction and, in practical terms, the utilization of pest resistance as a tool in the management of insect pests of soybean and mungbean. Greater efforts are required at local level to fully utilize insect pest resistant germplasm.