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definition of flowers

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1 - Introduction to Flower Morphology
from Part I - Introduction to Floral Diagrams
Louis P. Ronse De Craene, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Book:

Floral Diagrams

Published online:

11 March 2022

Print publication:

07 April 2022, pp 3-43
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Summary

This chapter deals with the wider context of morphological botany, to which floral diagrams are intimately connected. A definition of flowers is presented , followed by a presentation of the different floral organs and their evolution. The perianth and its homology is explained, reflecting different evolutionary trends. The floral complexity is shown through trends in the androecium and gynoecium. Different factors contributing to the diversity and evoluton of flowers are discussed, such as nectaries and hypanthia and changes in symmetry. The importance of phyllotaxis in the development of flowers is demonstrated and the difference and transitions between spirals and whorls is highlighted. Meristic changes and various fusions of the floral parts are clarified.