Volume 1 of The Cambridge History of Global Migrations documents the lives and experiences of everyday people through the lens of human movement and mobility from 1400 to 1800. Focusing on the most important typologies of preindustrial global migrations, this volume reveals how these movements transformed global paths of mobility, the impacts of which we still see in societies today. Case studies include those that arose from the demand for free, forced, and unfree labor, long- and short-distance trade, rural/urban displacement, religious mobility, and the rise of the number of refugees worldwide. With thirty chapters from leading experts in the field, this authoritative volume is an essential and detailed study of how migration shaped the nature of global human interactions before the age of modern globalization.

This chapter treats topics such as military recruitment, the provisioning of armies, and taxation problems. The well-known outbursts of military violence during the Mongol invasions of the 13th century or the campaigns of Timur (1370-1405) are not described again; the focus is rather on common forms of violent behaviour by the military but also the tax administration. One of the most evident forms of everyday violence was related to the billeting of troops and other military personnel in private homes, and a substantial section of the chapter is devoted to this practice. The coming of the Türkmen pastoralists to Iran in the 11th century changed the picture: whereas billeting seems to have become less important because of the different social profile of the army, other forms of violence became much more prominent. A last important source of violent behaviour are local powerholders who often practiced a kind of violent lordship.