This chapter interprets the changing forms of agrarian resistance from the fakirs and farazis of the early colonial period to the naxalites of the post-colonial era with reference to both structures and mentalities. The Barasat revolt and the farazi movement are simply two of the more prominent examples of communitarian resistance in this period inspired by a religious ideology. In the latter half of nineteenth century, peasant resistance in the non-tribal areas forged class identities that emerged from newly reinforced individual rather than pre-existing communitarian rights. The emphasis in colonial tenancy law on individual rights of occupancy appeared to rob peasant resistance in Bengal of the overtly religious communitarian character it had displayed earlier in the nineteenth century. If the transformation of peasants into citizens entails instilling a national view of things in regional minds, this has been achieved by India's national project in the realm of rhetoric but not in reality.