India integrated into the global economy of the British Empire in 1858 with the transition to Crown rule. The increase in agricultural exports and industrial imports did not lead to economic growth. Even as the share of trade in GDP increased and foreign capital flowed into the export industries and the railways, the economy stagnated. With independence, India retreated from the global economy, but per capita GDP growth turned positive for the first time since 1914. Although trade and foreign investment declined in a regulatory regime, domestic capital formation doubled. The liberalization of the economy after 1980 was built on the foundations of a regulatory regime.

This chapter has two primary purposes. The first is to address the question of whether the psychology community has a responsibility to promote and protect human rights and, if so, what this means for psychology and for psychologists in the context of an increasingly globalizing world. The second is to examine how psychological ethics can support human rights in psychology and help further the promotion of human rights for the benefit of humanity. The chapter opens with a brief history of the origins and development of psychological ethics and human rights, and the implications of these histories for their contemporary meanings. Then, using the Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the primary references, the ways in which psychological ethics and human rights complement and differ from each other are examined. The chapter ends with a series of recommendations for the integration of human rights into psychological ethics and for psychology’s involvement in the protection and promotion of human rights. The recommendations emphasize the importance of enlightened globalization, as well as the importance of psychology and the human rights movement working together to serve humanity.