This chapter reviews the role of medication in the treatment of eating disorders, with particular emphasis on trials conducted in children and adolescents. More than 90% of all cases of anorexia nervosa occur in females. Hypothesized biologic mechanisms for anorexia nervosa have included disturbances in the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline, as well as in neuropeptides and peripheral hormones. Pharmacotherapy is often used as an adjunct to a multidisciplinary approach including nutritional counseling, and family and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies. Bulimia nervosa is more prevalent than anorexia nervosa, with estimates ranging from 1 to 5% of adolescent and young adult females. The pharmacotherapy of bulimia nervosa is based on the use of antidepressant medications. DSM-IV suggested diagnostic criteria for a new eating disorder, binge eating disorder. The precise role of psychopharmacologic agents in the treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents is a fertile area for future research.