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2 results

  • Chapter Seven - “In my end is my beginning”

  • Kees van Heeringen
  • Book:
    The Neuroscience of Suicidal Behavior
    Published online:
    22 May 2019
    Print publication:
    23 August 2018, pp 125-145

  • Summary

    Children who have experienced sexual or physical abuse during childhood are at increased risk of suicidal behavior in adulthood, independent of other factors such as depression. Recent neurobiological studies target the mechanisms that link childhood abuse and suicidal behavior in adulthood. How does early-life adversity influence behavioral reactions to stressors much later in life to such an extent that people take their own lives? It is now becoming clear that early-life adversity increases the risk of suicide by influencing the development of stable emotional, behavioral and cognitive characteristics that confer a specific vulnerability. There is now considerable evidence that changes in the expression of particular genes constitute the molecular basis of this vulnerability. This chapter will review recent findings from genetic studies of suicidal behavior, with a particular focus on epigenetic regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and other systems involved in responses to stress and on transcriptional changes in association with early-life adversity. It appears that such changes may become manifest as cognitive impairments that are commonly found in association with suicidal behavior, and that may be due to structural and functional alterations in the brain.

  • Maladaptive Family Dysfunction and Parental Death as Risk Markers of Childhood Abuse in Women

  • Anna Plaza, Anna Torres, Carlos Ascaso, Purificación Navarro, Estel Gelabert, Maria Luisa Imaz, Rocío Martín-Santos, Manuel Valdés, Lluïsa García-Esteve
  • Journal:
    The Spanish Journal of Psychology / Volume 17 / 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 December 2014, E91

  • This study aims to examine the prevalence and characteristics of physical, emotional and sexual childhood abuse. It also examines whether other non-abuse types of childhood adversities related to maladaptive family functioning and separations during childhood can be used as markers for the presence of childhood abuse. Participants (N = 237) were women at 2–3 days after delivery that completed the Spanish-validated version of the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report (ETI-SR; Bremner, Bolus, & Mayer, 2007; Plaza et al., 2011), designed to assess the presence of childhood adversities. Results show that 29% of the women had experienced some type of childhood abuse, and 10% more than one type. Logistic regression analyses indicate that childhood parental death is a risk marker for childhood emotional abuse (OR: 3.77; 95% CI: 1.327–10.755; p <.013), childhood parental substance abuse is a risk marker for childhood sexual (OR: 3.72; 95% CI: 1.480–9.303; p < .005) and physical abuse (OR: 2.610; 95% CI: 1.000–6.812; p < .05) and that childhood family mental illness is a risk marker for childhood emotional (OR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.175–7.441; p < .021) and sexual abuse (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.168–5.580; p < .019). The high prevalence of childhood abuse indicates a need for assessment during the perinatal period. Screening for childhood family mental illness, parental substance abuse, and parental death - all identified risk factors for reporting childhood abuse - can help to identify women that should be assessed specifically regarding abuse.