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3 results

  • 7 - Environment

    • By
  • Edited by Anthony Seldon, Tom Egerton
  • Book:
    The Conservative Effect, 2010–2024
    Published online:
    24 July 2024
    Print publication:
    27 June 2024, pp 205-235

  • Summary

    As the UK, and the world, enters another decade of climate-anguished debate, the record of the Conservatives’ policy and actions between 2010 and 2024 is under scrutiny. Dieter Helm analyses the extent to which the natural environment improved, how housebuilding interacted with pressures to protect the environment, the legacy of privatised industries, comparisons to what a Labour government’s actions in office may have been and to what extent a sustainable path to net zero was achieved by the Conservative Party.

  • Comparison of CCC and ETAR dose calculation algorithms in pituitary adenoma radiation treatment planning; Monte Carlo evaluation

  • K. Tanha, S. R. Mahdavi, G. Geraily
  • Journal:
    Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice / Volume 13 / Issue 4 / December 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 May 2014, pp. 447-455
  • Aims

    To verify the accuracy of two common absorbed dose calculation algorithms in comparison to Monte Carlo (MC) simulation for the planning of the pituitary adenoma radiation treatment.

    Materials and methods

    After validation of Linac's head modelling by MC in water phantom, it was verified in Rando phantom as a heterogeneous medium for pituitary gland irradiation. Then, equivalent tissue-air ratio (ETAR) and collapsed cone convolution (CCC) algorithms were compared for a conventional three small non-coplanar field technique. This technique uses 30 degree physical wedge and 18 MV photon beams.

    Results

    Dose distribution findings showed significant difference between ETAR and CCC of delivered dose in pituitary irradiation. The differences between MC and dose calculation algorithms were 6.40 ± 3.44% for CCC and 10.36 ± 4.37% for ETAR. None of the algorithms could predict actual dose in air cavity areas in comparison to the MC method.

    Conclusions

    Difference between calculation and true dose value affects radiation treatment outcome and normal tissue complication probability. It is of prime concern to select appropriate treatment planning system according to our clinical situation. It is further emphasised that MC can be the method of choice for clinical dose calculation algorithms verification.

  • A NOTE ON SPACES WITH RANK 2-DIAGONAL

  • Part of
  • WEI-FENG XUAN, WEI-XUE SHI
  • Journal:
    Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society / Volume 90 / Issue 1 / August 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 April 2014, pp. 141-143
    Print publication:
    August 2014
    • Article
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  • We prove that if a space $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}X$ with a rank 2-diagonal either has the countable chain condition or is star countable then the cardinality of $X$ is at most $\mathfrak{c}$.