In 1969 Neil Armstrong walked on the moon. In 1983 Michael Jackson moonwalked on the earth. Each of these dramatic episodes was memorable for different reasons. Yet, each illustrated the malleability in movement of which we humans are capable. As well, each feat required many hours of trial-and-error practice before successful performance was achieved. Of course, almost all of us have learned to walk. Yet, we are still learning about that protracted learning process in toddlers and how fraught with hazard it can be. Further insights into learning to walk are being gleaned by studying the locomotor behavior of our evolutionary kin; gorillas have now been found to be capable of walking upright for extended distances. Understanding what contributes to this particular mode of moving could yield new clues into how humans became the most bipedal of all primates.

In Chapter 6, our examination of the Europeanization approach to improving governance is broadened to the EU’s Big Bang enlargement, taking in the Balkans and Turkey. In the East and South, the process of Europeanization came up against unfinished transformations from communism, nationalism, and state-building after civil wars. Although the power of Europe over Romania and Bulgaria, on one hand, and Kosovo and Bosnia, on the other, was greater than anywhere else in the world, there is no clear success story to show there, notwithstanding the EU’s occasional influence in Croatia or Romania. On the contrary, insidious state capture and the absence or weakness of rule of law caused such countries as Turkey and Hungary to backslide precisely during their “Europeanization” years.