Parasomnias involve automatic behavior, i.e., seemingly goal-directed, complex purposeful behaviors enacted without the conscious awareness and volition of the individual, who cannot exercise conscious deliberate control over his or her behaviors and sleep-related experiences. It could be subdivided by taking into account the motoric versus autonomic/ sensory activation. This chapter deals with the most common disorders, covering the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Disorders of arousal include sleepwalking or somnambulism, sleep terrors, and confusional arousals. The pathophysiology of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) lies in a dysfunction of the brainstem structures modulating REM sleep. Enuresis consists of recurrent involuntary urination during sleep. It includes primary forms, where bladder control has never been achieved, and secondary variants occurring after a period of bladder control. Catathrenia, also known as nocturnal groaning or expiratory vocalization during sleep, consists of the emission of an unusual expiratory noise occurring in bursts without associated motor phenomena.