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anti-diuretic hormone

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3.12.3 - Diabetes Insipidus and Other Polyuric Syndromes
from Section 3.12 - Endocrine Disorders
- By Thomas Leith
Edited by Ned Gilbert-Kawai, The Royal Liverpool Hospital, Debashish Dutta, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, Carl Waldmann, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading
Book:

Intensive Care Medicine

Published online:

27 July 2023

Print publication:

01 December 2021, pp 384-386
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Summary

Key Learning Points
1. Polyuria is generally defined as urine output of >3 l/day in an adult of normal mass.
2. Water diuresis refers to the passage of large amounts of dilute urine, secondary to diabetes insipidus or primary polydipsia.
3. Solute diuresis is characterised by excess urinary solute, commonly due to hyperglycaemia or azotaemia or following the use of loop or osmotic diuretics.
4. Cranial diabetes insipidus is characterised by polyuria with a urine concentrating defect, due to a relative or absolute deficiency of arginine vasopressin (AVP).
5. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is characterised by polyuria due to renal resistance to the anti-diuretic effects of AVP.