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animal and reflective knowledge

Episteme (1)

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Recognizing Levels of Justification: To Add or to Subtract
Richard Fumerton
Journal:

Episteme / Volume 16 / Issue 4 / December 2019

Published online by Cambridge University Press:

21 October 2019, pp. 385-394
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In this paper I explore the idea of developing something like Sosa's influential distinction between cognitio and scientia (animal knowledge and reflective knowledge) to epistemic justification. On the assumption that we should, I explore the question of whether we should do so by either (1) beginning with a really basic, intellectually undemanding kind of justification, recognizing more sophisticated intellectually rewarding justification by layering more demanding requirements on that basic sort, or (2) beginning with an ideal sort of justification and recognizing less demanding sorts of justification by stripping away conditions from that ideal justification.