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2 results

  • 2 - The Silent Roofing Revolution

  • Edited by Charlotte R. Potts, University of Oxford
  • Book:
    Architecture in Ancient Central Italy
    Published online:
    31 March 2022
    Print publication:
    07 April 2022, pp 31-61

  • Summary

    This chapter re-examines tie-beam trusses and argues that their invention arose from the woodworking techniques and tools honed in the construction of Bronze and Iron Age palafitte houses (pile dwellings). Showing that the earlier type of architecture developed in response to particular environmental conditions, it establishes that early builders had extensive knowledge of the potential of their raw materials and how they could be engineered. Out of this came the truss as a refinement in wooden roof structures that was able to counter the side loads of heavy tiled roofs when the latter came into use during the seventh century BC. Through its eventual use in the sizeable roofs of basilicas in the fourth century AD, the truss represents a form of woodworking expertise that connects architecture in Italy from the Bronze Age through to Late Antiquity.

  • Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Conservation Science: Phase Identification of Pigments in Paint Layers

  • A. Gambirasi, L. Peruzzo, S. Bianchin, M. Favaro
  • Journal:
    Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 19 / Issue 4 / August 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 May 2013, pp. 921-928
    Print publication:
    August 2013

  • Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used in Conservation Science for characterization of ancient materials collected from works of art. The results demonstrate the feasibility of EBSD analysis on heterogeneous matrices as very small samples of paint layers collected from paintings. Two reference pigments were selected from those used by artists to investigate the relationship existing between EBSD pattern quality and properties of the investigated material (i.e., average atomic number, density, and Mohs hardness). The technique was also tested to investigate the pigment phases on two real samples collected from Romanino's Santa Giustina altarpiece, an oil on wood painting dated 1514 (Civic Museum, Padova, Italy). Results show for the first time the acquisition of EBSD patterns from painting samples mounted in resin, i.e., painting cross sections, opening a new powerful tool to elucidate the pigment phases avoiding large sampling on works of arts and to further study the complex mechanisms of pigment deterioration.