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3 results

  • Coping Strategies for Exposure to Trauma Situations in First Responders: A Systematic Review

  • Alejandra María Díaz-Tamayo, Jorge Reinerio Escobar-Morantes, Herney Andrés García-Perdomo
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 37 / Issue 6 / December 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 November 2022, pp. 810-818
    Print publication:
    December 2022
  • Objective:

    The objective of the present work was to characterize the coping strategies used by first responders to emergencies in the face of exposure to traumatic events.

    Methods:

    A systematic search was performed in the databases MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Clinical Trials (CENTRAL) from their inception through February 2022. First responders to emergencies with training in the prehospital area and who used validated measurement instruments for coping strategies were included.

    Results:

    First responders to emergencies frequently used nonadaptive coping strategies, with avoidance or disconnection being one of the main strategies, as a tool to avoid confronting difficult situations and to downplay the perceived stressful event. The nonadaptive coping strategies used by these personnel showed a strong relationship with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, burnout syndrome, psychiatric morbidity, and chronic stress. As part of the adaptive strategies, active coping was found, which includes acceptance, positive reinterpretation, focusing on the problem, self-efficacy, and emotional support, either social or instrumental, as protective strategies for these personnel.

    Conclusions:

    Developing adaptive coping strategies, whether focused on problems or seeking emotional support, can benefit emergency personnel in coping with stressful situations. These coping strategies should be strengthened to help prevent people from experiencing long-term negative effects that could arise from the traumatic events to which they are exposed. Active coping strategies instead of avoidance strategies should be promoted.

  • 36 - Decision Making in Animals

  • from Part VI - Innovation and Problem-Solving
  • Edited by Allison B. Kaufman, University of Connecticut, Josep Call, University of St Andrews, Scotland, James C. Kaufman, University of Connecticut
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition
    Published online:
    01 July 2021
    Print publication:
    22 July 2021, pp 770-791

  • Summary

    Humans often appear to defy principles of economic "rationality" when making decisions, by falling prey to a suite of choice biases including over-weighting immediate gratification, avoiding risk, treating identical options differently depending on whether they are perceived as a relative loss or gain, or attaching more value to objects in their possession. Here we examine what animals can tell us about these choice patterns. First, we provide an overview of different theoretical frameworks for rational decision making from psychology, economics, and biology. Next, we review empirical work examining how different species make decisions and discuss how many potentially puzzling patterns of decision making may be biologically adaptive when considering the environment in which they are made. Finally, we propose that integrating various theoretical perspectives with comparative data can elucidate the ultimate origins of variations in decision-making strategies across species and provide a new framework to illuminate the adaptive value of these strategies.

  • Health capital in everyday life of the oldest old living in their own homes

  • ASTRID BERGLAND, ÅSHILD SLETTEBØ
  • Journal:
    Ageing & Society / Volume 35 / Issue 10 / November 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 August 2014, pp. 2156-2175
    Print publication:
    November 2015

  • As more people experience old age as a time of growth and productivity, more research is needed that explores how they master everyday life. This paper reports on a qualitative study that explored how ten older women age 90 years or more experience and cope with the challenges of everyday life with a salutogenic perspective. The findings suggest that health resources such as positive expectation, reflection and adaptation, function and active contribution, relations and home, contribute to the health capital of women. These health resources were of importance for the women's experience of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness in daily life. Health capital is a meaningful concept for understanding coping in everyday life by older people.