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  • 4 - Overview of the State-of-the-Art Terahertz QCL Designs

  • from Part I - Bandstructure Engineering, Modeling and State-of-the-Art QCLs
  • Edited by Dan Botez, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Mikhail A. Belkin, Technische Universität München
  • Book:
    Mid-Infrared and Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers
    Published online:
    25 August 2023
    Print publication:
    14 September 2023, pp 138-152

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews typical waveguide and active region designs for quantum cascade lasing in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. Operating principles are analyzed in details with special attention paid to the most recent developments with the state-of-the-art device performance. The maximum operation temperature of THz QCL is still the main obstacle for its wide employment in applications, although it has been lifted to 250 K, allowing cryogenic-free THz coherent radiation for potentially portable applications. Optimization of various limiting factors in the most advanced resonant-phonon designs or the combined designs with scattering-assisted injection scheme could be promising for further breakthroughs in achieving higher temperature operations. The discussions in this chapter mainly focus on the matured GaAs/AlGaAs material system, but the design strategies can be applied to THz QCLs utilizing other material systems, which may overcome the main challenges of the GaAs/AlGaAs material system and achieve better performance in the future.