Programming environments have evolved from purely text based to using graphical user interfaces, and now we see a move toward web-based interfaces, such as Jupyter. Web-based interfaces allow for the creation of interactive documents that consist of text and programs, as well as their output. The output can be rendered using web technology as, for example, text, tables, charts, or graphs. This approach is particularly suitable for capturing data analysis workflows and creating interactive educational material. This article describes SWISH, a web front-end for Prolog that consists of a web server implemented in SWI-Prolog and a client web application written in JavaScript. SWISH provides a web server where multiple users can manipulate and run the same material, and it can be adapted to support Prolog extensions. In this article we describe the architecture of SWISH, and describe two case studies of extensions of Prolog, namely Probabilistic Logic Programming and Logic Production System, which have used SWISH to provide tutorial sites.

An Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) is a two-dimensional abstraction and generalisation of the real world and it limits users' ability to obtain more real and rich spatial information of the navigation environment. However, a three-dimensional (3D) chart could dramatically reduce the number of human errors and improve the accuracy and efficiency of manoeuvring. Thus it is important to be able to visualize charts in 3D. This article proposes a new model for future Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) and describes our approach for the construction of web-based multi-resolution future ECDIS implemented in our system Automotive Intelligent Chart (AIC) 3D ECDIS, including multi-resolution riverbed construction technology, multi-layer technology for data fusion, Mercator transformation of the model, rendering and web publishing methods. AIC 3D ECDIS can support global spatial data and 3D visualization, which merges the 2D vector electronic navigational chart with the three-dimensional navigation environment in a unified framework and interface, and is also published on the web to provide application and data service through the network.

We present and evaluate a compiler from Prolog (and extensions) to JavaScript which makes it possible to use (constraint) logic programming to develop the client side of web applications while being compliant with current industry standards. Targeting JavaScript makes (C)LP programs executable in virtually every modern computing device with no additional software requirements from the point of view of the user. In turn, the use of a very high-level language facilitates the development of high-quality, complex software. The compiler is a back end of the Ciao system and supports most of its features, including its module system and its rich language extension mechanism based on packages. We present an overview of the compilation process and a detailed description of the run-time system, including the support for modular compilation into separate JavaScript code. We demonstrate the maturity of the compiler by testing it with complex code such as a CLP(FD) library written in Prolog with attributed variables. Finally, we validate our proposal by measuring the performance of some LP and CLP(FD) benchmarks running on top of major JavaScript engines.

Background: Online CBT training is in its infancy. The initial studies have varied program characteristics and trainee groups, but results appear promising. At this stage, there is a need to evaluate programs with different characteristics to determine which are useful, and which are not. Method: This paper reports a preliminary evaluation of an online CBT training package, OCTC Online, which is distinguished from other online programs by its particularly strong focus on video presentations by trainers, accompanying PowerPoint slides, and video demonstrations of key clinical techniques. Participants (N = 94) completed online rating scales and questionnaires assessing (a) their satisfaction with the training; (b) their self-rated knowledge and confidence about the topics discussed (pre- and post-training); and (c) a multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ) objective test of knowledge (also pre- and post-training). Results: Results showed that on average students were highly satisfied with the online training modules, their self-rated confidence increased significantly, and so did their scores on the MCQ. Conclusions: The study has significant limitations but nevertheless contributes to the growing body of evidence that online training may have a useful part to play in enhancing therapists’ knowledge of CBT theory and techniques, and their confidence in using the techniques.

PageRank with personalization is used in Web search as an importance measure for Web documents. The goal of this paper is to characterize the tail behavior of the PageRank distribution in the Web and other complex networks characterized by power laws. To this end, we model the PageRank as a solution of a stochastic equation where the Ris are distributed as R. This equation is inspired by the original definition of the PageRank. In particular, N models the number of incoming links to a page, and B stays for the user preference. Assuming that N or B are heavy tailed, we employ the theory of regular variation to obtain the asymptotic behavior of R under quite general assumptions on the involved random variables. Our theoretical predictions show good agreement with experimental data.

We constructed a syndromic surveillance system to collect directly information on daily health conditions directly from local residents via the internet [web-based daily questionnaire for health surveillance system (WDQH SS)]. This paper considers the feasibility of the WDQH SS and its ability to detect epidemics. A verification study revealed that our system was an effective surveillance system. We then applied an improved WDQH SS as a measure against public health concerns at the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit meeting in 2008. While in operation at the Summit, our system reported a fever alert that was consistent with a herpangina epidemic. The highly mobile WDQH SS described in this study has three main advantages: the earlier detection of epidemics, compared to other surveillance systems; the ability to collect data even on weekends and holidays; and a rapid system set-up that can be completed within 3 days.

The Semantic Web drives toward the use of the Web for interacting with logically interconnected data. Through knowledge models such as Resource Description Framework (RDF), the Semantic Web provides a unifying representation of richly structured data. Adding logic to the Web implies the use of rules to make inferences, choose courses of action, and answer questions. This logic must be powerful enough to describe complex properties of objects but not so powerful that agents can be tricked by being asked to consider a paradox. The Web has several characteristics that can lead to problems when existing logics are used, in particular, the inconsistencies that inevitably arise due to the openness of the Web, where anyone can assert anything. N3Logic is a logic that allows rules to be expressed in a Web environment. It extends RDF with syntax for nested graphs and quantified variables and with predicates for implication and accessing resources on the Web, and functions including cryptographic, string, math. The main goal of N3Logic is to be a minimal extension to the RDF data model such that the same language can be used for logic and data. In this paper, we describe N3Logic and illustrate through examples why it is an appropriate logic for the Web.

As high-resolution biological transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has increased in popularity over recent years, the volume of data and number of projects underway has risen dramatically. A robust tool for effective data management is essential to efficiently process large data sets and extract maximum information from the available data. We present the Electron Microscopy Electronic Notebook (EMEN), a portable, object-oriented, web-based tool for TEM data archival and project management. EMEN has several unique features. First, the database is logically organized and annotated so multiple collaborators at different geographical locations can easily access and interpret the data without assistance. Second, the database was designed to provide flexibility to the user, so it can be used much as a lab notebook would be, while maintaining a structure suitable for data mining and direct interaction with data-processing software. Finally, as an object-oriented database, the database structure is dynamic and can be easily extended to incorporate information not defined in the original database specification.