The World's Poultry Science Association was originally formed as the International Association of Poultry Instructors and Investigators in 1912. Its objectives were to foster the development of the poultry industry, and the exchange of information related to poultry science and technology. From small beginnings it has evolved into a strong international organisation with 7700 members in more than 80 countries. The association publishes the World's Poultry Science Journal and promotes and oversees World's Poultry Congresses. It is active in all areas of the poultry industry, from family poultry in developing countries to institutions of research and learning, and production and processing in the industrial world.

WPSA has played a pivotal role over the past 100 years in facilitating the development of the global poultry industry through the organization of branches in member countries and forums to identify and discuss issues, problems and their solution, as well as structures to disseminate that information. In this manner, WPSA has, since 1956, contributed significantly to the development of the Australian poultry industry. The Australian poultry industry has benefitted greatly over the years as a result of a well-supported and high quality national poultry research programme, facilitated through close cooperation between the poultry industry itself, national and state governments, and the country's research and education institutions.

In response to the major projected increase in poultry meat and egg production and consumption in developing countries, WPSA has focussed increasing attention on facilitating efficient, sustainable and socially equitable poultry production in these countries. Associated with this, WPSA and WVPA are working towards a closer degree of cooperation and collaboration.