Humanitarian crises such as armed conflicts and natural disasters frequently unfold in countries that are already struggling with underlying economic difficulties, political instability, social marginalization, and poor overall health indicators. Persons with mental health conditions are at increased risk for human rights violations during humanitarian crises. Exposure to human rights violations is rampant during humanitarian emergencies, which, in turn, negatively impacts mental health. This chapter describes key human rights instruments and guidelines on mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings. Specific challenges and approaches for promoting and protecting the human rights of persons with mental health conditions living in communities and institutions in countries affected by conflict and crises are discussed. These include barriers to accessing basic needs, insufficient availability of appropriate mental health services and supports, and limited access to social and economic opportunities. Recommendations include promoting a human rights framework as part of programs and services, increasing access to mental health services at the community level (including for severe mental disorders), protecting persons with severe mental disorders in communities and institutions, and providing comprehensive social and community interventions that promote full inclusion and participation.