Sovereignty and independence — Conduct of foreign relations Conclusiveness of statements of Executive — Exemption of foreign diplomatic staff from jurisdiction of local courts — Certificate of Executive as to whether court has jurisdiction — The law of Austria.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States Diplomatic representatives of — Jurisdiction of courts of receiving State — Criterion of whether State has acted in sovereign or commercial capacity — Whether relevant analogy with acts of diplomatic representatives in official and private capacities — The law of Austria.

Permanent diplomatic envoys — Privileges and immunities of — Subordinate members of diplomatic staff — Jurisdiction of courts of receiving State — Whether rules in respect of jurisdiction over foreign States are applicable by analogy — Jurisdiction in respect of official and private acts of diplomatic representatives — Whether distinction appropriate — Civil action against press attaché for damages for careless driving — Whether Austrian courts will exercise jurisdiction.

Sovereignty and independence — In matters of domestic jurisdiction — Charter of the United Nations, Article 2, paragraphs 1 and 7 — Action in the Congo — Whether amounting to intervention in domestic affairs of Republic of the Congo — Connection between maintenance of internal law and order and maintenance of international peace and security.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and rules of interpretation — Subsequent conduct of parties — Interpretation of constituent instrument of international organization — Relevance of practice within organization — Distinction between practice of organ of organization and subsequent conduct of parties to treaty.

International organization — The United Nations — General Assembly — Competence and functions in maintenance of international peace and security — Articles 11, 12, 14 and 24 of the Charter — Meaning of “action” in Article 11 — Whether restricted to “enforcement action” — Competence of General Assembly to set up a United Nations Force — Status of UNEF — Applicability of Article 43 to UNEF.

International organization — The United Nations — General Assembly — Budgetary authority of — Article 17 of the Charter — Whether Assembly competent to deal with costs of peace — keeping operations — Relevance of Articles 11 and 43.

International organization — The United Nations — Interpretation of Charter of — “Enforcement action” under Chapter VII — Peacekeeping operations — Nature of — Whether UNEF and ONUC comprise enforcement action — Meaning of “action” in Article 11 — Whether restricted to “enforcement action”.

International Court of Justice — Advisory jurisdiction — Competence — Discretionary nature of — Circumstances in which Court may decline to give advisory opinion.

International organization — The United Nations — Interpretation of Charter of — “Expenses of the Organization” (Article 17, paragraphs 1 and 2) — Whether costs of UNEF and ONUC are such expenses — Meaning of “budget” in Article 17, paragraph 1 — Whether “expenses” limited to expenditure incurred for purposes of the United Nations — Ultra vires expenditure — Criteria for — Relevance of identity of organ taking particular action — Distinction between ultra vires act of organ and ultra vires act of Organization — Conditions for validity of act of Organization — Effect of invalidity — Principles of interpretation of Charter Ordinary meaning — Intention of parties — Whether confined to intention of original signatories — Purposes of the Organization — Effective interpretation — Travaux preparatoires — Relevance of practice — Distinction between practice of organ of Organization and subsequent conduct of parties to treaty — Relevance of practice of majority of Member States — Whether States voting against recommendatory resolution are bound to contribute financially to Its execution.

Sovereignty and Independence — Foreign States — Right to Sue in Matters Affecting their Public Interest.

Recognition of Acts of Foreign Governments — Confiscatory Decrees — Exterritorial Effect of — The Law of Sweden.

Treaties — Operation of — Relation to Municipal Law — Absence of Incorporation into Municipal Law — Enforcement of Treaties in Municipal Courts — The Law of Sweden — Foreign Confiscatory Decrees — Absence of Effect in Respect of Property in Sweden — Sovereign Immunity — Right to Sue — Foreign States

Sovereignty and Independence — Recognition of Acts of Foreign States and Governments — Recognition of Decisions concerning Nationality — Provisions of the Treaties of Versailles and St. Germain concerning Nationality — Recognition by Austria of the Treaty of Versailles

International Law — Relation to Municipal Law — Internal Legislation and International Obligations.

State Responsibility — Miscellaneous — Abuse of Rights.

Treaties — Restrictive Interpretation of Limitations of Sovereignty.

Sovereignty and Independence — Absence of Express Restrictions — Restrictive Construction of Limitations of Sovereignty — Internal Legislation and International Obligations — Abuse of Rights.

Sovereignty and Independence — “Act of State” — When a Defence in Proceedings Brought by Alien against British Crown in English Courts — Seizure on British Territory of Property of Alien Company Registered and Carrying on Business in Foreign Country.