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3 results

  • Chapter 2 - Sex in Pregnancy

  • from Section 1 - General Issues
  • Edited by Dan Farine, Pablo Tobías González
  • Book:
    Sex and Pregnancy
    Published online:
    09 November 2022
    Print publication:
    27 October 2022, pp 8-14

  • Summary

    The physical, emotional, and social changes associated with pregnancy and the postpartum can affect sexuality. During this time, sexual desire, pleasure, and activity often diminish. Sexual dysfunctions can also appear. Active intervention by health professionals, based on respect and empathy and following a biopsychosocial approach, can help improve sexuality. Normalizing the physical and emotional changes of this period, and dismantling prejudices and erroneous beliefs about sexuality during pregnancy, we can dispel many fears and doubts, improving self-confidence and self-esteem and reducing stress and anxiety. The most important aspect in achieving a satisfactory sexuality is the quality of the couple’s relationship. Therefore, we must help both members to improve their emotional approach. In a normal pregnancy, sexual activity is safe and healthy. Adequate sexual health during pregnancy provides important benefits: it reduces stress levels, maintains adequate self-esteem, and enhances intimacy and complicity in the couple’s relationship, thus improving overall well-being.

  • 3 - Court Relationships

  • Edited by Benjamin Kelly, York University, Toronto, Angela Hug, York University, Toronto
  • Book:
    The Roman Emperor and his Court c. 30 BC–c. AD 300
    Published online:
    29 September 2022
    Print publication:
    20 October 2022, pp 79-131

  • Summary

    The selection of literary, epigraphic, and papyrological sources presented in this chapter illustrates the key categories of courtier at the Roman imperial court, and the relationships of courtiers with each other and with the emperor. Categories of courtier include: the emperor’s friends (amici principis); his advisors; poets, writers, and other cultural figures; members of the imperial family; domestic workers; astrologers; the emperor’s sexual partners; and foreign royals. Various themes relating to the emperor’s relationships run through the sources, including: the tensions between ideals and realities; the competing claims of independence and subservience; the instability of court hierarchy; the operation of influence, brokerage, and patronage; the existence of power groups and factions at court; and the consequences of relationship breakdowns between emperors and courtiers.

  • Awareness of HIV serostatus by sex partners of women living with HIV in North-Central Nigeria: correlates and predictive analyses

  • Ejemai Amaize Eboreime, Ijeoma Uchenna Itanyi, Amaka Grace Ogidi, Theddeus Iheanacho, Olanrewaju Olayiwola, Chima Ariel Onoka, Echezona Edozie Ezeanolue
  • Journal:
    Journal of Biosocial Science / Volume 54 / Issue 4 / July 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 June 2021, pp. 572-582

  • Non-communication of HIV status among sex partners is a notable hurdle in halting transmission, largely due to socio-cultural factors. This study aimed to predict the determinants of male partners’ awareness of women’s serostatus. A total of 8825 women of reproductive age living with HIV who were clients at five comprehensive HIV treatment centres in Benue State, North-Central Nigeria were surveyed between June and December 2017, and 6655 reported having a sexual partner at the time of the survey selected for analysis. A regression model was used to estimate the determinants of male partner awareness of serostatus from the perspective of women. Conditional marginal analyses were conducted to evaluate the marginal effects of identified predictors on the probability of outcomes. Partners of married women were found to have greater odds of being aware of their spouse’s serostatus (adjusted OR (aOR): 3.20; 95%CI: 2.13–4.81) than non-married partners. Similarly, the odds of male partner awareness increased with the years women had been on antiretroviral therapy (aOR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.07–1.20). The probability of partners of married respondents being aware of their spouse’s HIV serostatus was 97%. The conditional marginal effects of being educated to primary or higher level were 1.2 (95% CI: –0.2 to 2.7) and 1.8 (95% CI: 0.09–3.4) percentage points higher respectively when compared with women with no formal education. Being unemployed or being a trader significantly decreased the probability of partners being aware of respondents’ serostatus when compared with farmers; conditional marginal effects of –6.7 (95% CI: –12.0 to –1.4) and –3.9 (95% CI: –5.7 to –2.2) percentage points, respectively. The study found that relationship status and girl-child education are factors that can improve communication of HIV status to sex partners. Policies and interventions aimed at improving the social determinants of health, and social support for healthy communications in relationships, are recommended to reduce HIV transmission between sex partners.