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1 results

  • 15 - Russian Marxism

  • Edited by G. M. Hamburg, Claremont McKenna College, California, Randall A. Poole
  • Book:
    A History of Russian Philosophy 1830–1930
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    22 April 2010, pp 305-325

  • Summary

    The emergence of Russian Marxism was preceded by the reception of Marx's and Engels's ideas in the populist movement. The Russian populists saw Marxism as the last word in the socialist theory of capitalism, that is, of the "bourgeois stage" of social evolution. The "father of Russian Marxism", Georgii Plekhanov, a former populist who in 1883 founded in Switzerland the first organization of Russian Marxists, the Emancipation of Labor Group, gave Marxism a somewhat Hegelian flavor, interpreting it as scientific knowledge of the rational necessity of historical processes. The two Russian Revolutions of 1917 changed the entire spectrum of ideological positions in Russia. The analysis of Stalinism from a Marxist standpoint was Leon Trotskii's book, The Revolution Betrayed. The entire story of Marxist communism in Russia can be seen as motivated by the idea of "positive freedom" in Isaiah Berlin's sense of the term.