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6 results

  • Response to Johnson: A random sample versus the radical event

  • Elie Ayache
  • Journal:
    Finance and Society / Volume 2 / Issue 2 / 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 November 2023, pp. 205-216
    • Article
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  • Timothy Johnson's working hypothesis in his review of my latest book, The Medium of Contingency, is that I (as well as the ‘quants’ involved in the derivative pricing industry) do not understand the foundations of abstract probability theory. In this response, I show that this is not the case. On the contrary, rules and protocols which are common in the derivative pricing industry, the result of which can be an extension of abstract probability theory as it now stands, seem to elude Johnson. To address these failings, I provide theoretical reflections on probability theory and its formalisms.

  • Posttraumatic stress disorder and psychiatric co-morbidity: symptoms in a random sample of female Bosnian refugees

  • Kristina Sundquist, Leena-Maria Johansson, Valeri DeMarinis, Sven-Erik Johansson, Jan Sundquist
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 20 / Issue 2 / March 2005
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, pp. 158-164
  • Objectives

    This study investigated psychological symptoms in Bosnian women 3–4 years after their arrival in Sweden.

    Methods

    A simple random sample of 163 Bosnian women aged 19–59 was drawn from the Swedish populations register in 1996. The control group consisted of 392 Swedish-born women. Data were collected in face-to-face interviews. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 (HSCL-25) and the Posttraumatic Symptom Scale (PTSS-10) were used to measure psychological symptoms of depression, anxiety, psychological distress, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for psychological symptoms after adjustment for age, country of birth, education, marital status, economic difficulties, social network, and feeling secure.

    Results

    The prevalence of symptoms of PTSD was 28.3% among the Bosnian women. Bosnian women had significantly higher risks of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress than Swedish-born women. For depression the odds ratio was 9.50 among Bosnian women.

    Conclusions

    Psychiatric community interventions need to target Bosnian refugee women. Awareness among health-care workers who encounter these women in a clinical setting should be improved.

  • 4 - Actors, Policies, Strategies: Original Data on Electoral Interventions

  • Johannes Bubeck, Universität Mannheim, Germany, Nikolay Marinov, University of Houston
  • Book:
    Rules and Allies
    Published online:
    15 July 2019
    Print publication:
    25 July 2019, pp 69-110

  • Summary

    We assemble a novel dataset in order to test theoretical propositions we develop on how states intervene in the elections of others. We start off with a random or representative sample of about 10 per cent of all elections since the end of World War II. Each of these is a case for us. We add a set of potential interveners, powers and organizations that may have a stake in intervening. We scour primary and secondary sources to extract information on how the government and opposition in the target state view relations with the potential interveners. We also extract information on whether and how the intervener acted in support of processes, or of candidates. This chapter is a codebook of how we constructed these novel, theory relevant variables. In addition, we supply extensive case-study notes. In those notes, we connect each of our coding decision to specific strings of text in the sources we used. The resulting database allows us to test the key propositions we develop.

  • Use of medications to enhance memory in a large community sample of 60–64 year olds

  • Anthony F. Jorm, Bryan Rodgers, Helen Christensen
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 16 / Issue 2 / June 2004
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 June 2004, pp. 209-217

  • Background: There are no existing epidemiological data on use of medications to enhance memory.

    Method: A community survey was carried out in Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, of an electoral roll sample of 2551 adults aged 60–64 years. Data collected included self-reports of using medications to enhance memory, tests of memory and other cognitive functions, anxiety, depression, physical health and use of other medications.

    Results: 2.8% of the sample reported using medications to enhance memory, the main ones being gingko biloba, vitamin E, bacopa (brahmi), and folic acid/B vitamins. Users were more likely to be female, to have subjective memory problems and to use other psychotropic medications. However, they did not differ in memory performance, anxiety, depression or physical health.

    Discussion: Some older people are using complementary medications to improve their memory or prevent memory loss, despite the lack of strong evidence for their effectiveness. These people show no objective evidence of memory impairment

  • The Prevalence of Occupational Injuries in EMTs in New England

  • Robert J. Schwartz, Lionel Benson, Lenworth M. Jacobs
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 8 / Issue 1 / March 1993
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 June 2012, pp. 45-50
    Print publication:
    March 1993
  • Objective:

    To characterize the prevalence and morbidity of injuries to emergency medical technicians EMTs) in New England [United States].

    Design:

    A survey was mailed to a 2% random sample of all registered EMTs in the six New England States. The identity of the EMTs remained anonymous, and a second mailing was used to improve return rate. The EMTs were requested to recall events that occurred during the previous six months.

    Results:

    A total of 439 of the 786 (56%) surveys were returned representing 13,875 hours of duty time in the six-month period. Seventy one percent of the EMTs were male with a mean age of 35 years. Sixty-six percent were basic-EMTs. Injury attack rates (number of injuries/100 EMTs/6 months) were: stress, 11.2; back, 10.5; extremity, 9.8; assault, 8.4; ambulance collision, 4.1; hearing loss, 2.5; and eye injury, 1.4. Twelve percent of the EMTs were injured more than once in the six-month period. The paramedics more frequently were involved in ambulance collisions, suffered from stress, and were less likely to injure their back. There were minor interstate differences. Disability due to back injury affected 2.5% of those surveyed, four EMTs lost duty time secondary to an assault, and 0.5% of the EMTs were out of work due to stress.

    Conclusions:

    This survey begins to characterize the occupational risks of EMTs. The prevalence of back injuries, assault, stress, and extremity injuries seems to be too high. Educational programs and preventive interventions should be designed to minimize back injuries, stress, and assault. There is a need for more research nationwide in order to better characterize these injuries.