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1 results

  • 15 - Mongolia in the Mongol Empire

  • from Volume I Part 3 - Views from the Edges
  • Edited by Michal Biran, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hodong Kim, Seoul National University
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire
    Published online:
    01 January 2024
    Print publication:
    17 August 2023, pp 657-678

  • Summary

    Seeking to rule the vast domain they had annexed, the Mongols under Ögödei Qa’an established a capital in Qaraqorum in Mongolia. But Qaraqorum did not have the resources or water supply for a large city. After the war (1260–1264) between Qubilai Qa’an, based in China, and Arigh Böke, centered in the steppes, the victors shifted the capital to Dadu, around modern Beijing. Although Qaraqorum and Mongolia may have lost their significance with the transfer of the capital, they remained vital as the Mongols’ homeland, and various Mongol leaders (and their enemies) sought to control these regions. The Yuan court sought to govern Mongolia as a typical Chinese province but was stymied by its inability to control mobile herders. Yet when it was forced out of China by the Ming dynasty, it retreated to Mongolia as the Northern Yuan dynasty and lasted for several centuries.