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2 results

  • Chapter 3 - Physiology of Pregnancy As Related to Sex

  • from Section 1 - General Issues
  • Edited by Dan Farine, Pablo Tobías González
  • Book:
    Sex and Pregnancy
    Published online:
    09 November 2022
    Print publication:
    27 October 2022, pp 15-22

  • Summary

    Throughout the three trimesters of pregnancy, there is a remarkable adaptation of the whole body to accommodate the growing uterus and fetus, as well as upcoming labor and delivery. Most of these physiological changes gradually regress over the postpartum, returning to prepregnancy levels from a few weeks up to 6 months later. The changes that occur in pregnancy have an important impact on a woman’s sexual functioning (desire, arousal, orgasm, sexual satisfaction). Despite the implications of these physiological changes during pregnancy, which affect intimacy and sexual function, these are seldom discussed by health professionals and care providers. The adjustments and changes in different systems throughout the pregnancy are explained in this chapter, focusing on those with implications for sexual function and the mechanisms behind them.

  • Olfactory clearance: what time is needed in clinical practice?

  • C M Philpott, C R Wolstenholme, P C Goodenough, A Clark, G E Murty
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 122 / Issue 9 / September 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    26 November 2007, pp. 912-917
    Print publication:
    September 2008
  • Objective:

    To determine olfactory adaptation and clearance times for healthy individuals, and to assess the effect of common variables upon these parameters.

    Study design and setting:

    Fourteen healthy volunteers were recruited for a series of tests. Their initial olfactory threshold levels for phenethyl alcohol were determined. After olfactory exposure to a saturated solution of phenethyl alcohol (i.e. olfactory adaptation), the time taken for subjects to return to their initial olfactory threshold was then recorded (i.e. olfactory clearance). Visual analogue scale scores for subjective variables were also recorded.

    Results:

    The 14 subjects performed 120 tests in total. Despite consistent linear trends within individuals, olfactory clearance times varied widely within and between individuals. The mean olfactory clearance time for phenethyl alcohol was 170 seconds (range 81–750). Univariate analysis showed a relationship between olfactory clearance times and age (p = 0.031), symptoms (p = 0.029) and mood (p = 0.048).

    Conclusions:

    When testing a person's sense of smell in a clinical setting, recent exposure to similar smells should be noted, and a period of 15 minutes needs to be allowed before retesting if using phenethyl alcohol. Other variables need not be controlled, but greater clearance time may be needed for older patients.