Medical products confer enormous benefit to health but also have potential harmful effects, either through their inherent properties or through misuse and abuse. This chapter analyses the role of medical products in the Malaysian healthcare system over a 60-year period. It covers issues of access and affordability alongside those of safety and quality. The initial period focused on ensuring a reliable supply of medicines and vaccines through import, storage, distribution and dispensing. Concerns about safety led to the evolution of national registration of medicines and human resource and governance issues around building capacity for monitoring and enforcement. Subsequent development of the health system experienced growing capacity for local manufacture, appearance of counterfeit medicines in the marketplace, and required strengthening of regulatory systems through international collaboration. Also included are purchase effectiveness, cost of medicines and pricing mechanisms. Systems analysis highlights the conflict between cost of medicines and the advancement of Universal Health Care and illustrates the use of Right to Government use to reduce inequities in access.