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2 results

  • The natural history of the myelin-derived nerve growth inhibitor Nogo-A

  • Rüdiger Schweigreiter
  • Journal:
    Neuron Glia Biology / Volume 4 / Issue 2 / May 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 September 2009, pp. 83-89
    Print publication:
    May 2008

  • Nogo-A is possibly the best characterized myelin-derived inhibitor of nerve growth in the adult central nervous system (CNS). It is a member of the ancient reticulon family of mainly endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins with representatives found throughout the eukaryotic domain. Orthologs of the nogo gene were identified in tetrapods and teleost fish but none have been detected in invertebrates. Evolution of the nogo gene has been non-homogeneous. The exon–intron arrangement is conserved from amphibians (Xenopus) to mammals, but partly deviates from that found in several teleost fish species, indicating that the recruitment of nogo exons proceeded along at least two independent lines during early vertebrate evolution. This might have far-reaching consequences. Tetrapod nogo orthologs encode two neurite growth inhibitory domains whereas in fish nogo only one of the inhibitory domains is present. These distinct paths in nogo evolution have potentially contributed to the regeneration permissive CNS in fish as opposed to the non-regenerating CNS in higher vertebrates.

  • 21 - Inhibitors of axonal regeneration

  • from Section B2 - Determinants of regeneration in the injured nervous system
    • By Tim Spencer, Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City, University of New York, New York, NY, USA, Marco Domeniconi, Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City, University of New York, New York, NY, USA, Marie T. Filbin, Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City, University of New York, New York, NY, USA
  • Edited by Michael Selzer, University of Pennsylvania, Stephanie Clarke, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Leonardo Cohen, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Pamela Duncan, University of Florida, Fred Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego
  • Book:
    Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
    Published online:
    05 March 2012
    Print publication:
    16 February 2006, pp 365-389

  • Summary

    This chapter outlines some of the various components which may contribute to the observed lack of regeneration which occurs after injury to the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS). To date, three major inhibitors of axonal regeneration associated with myelin have been identified: myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), Nogo, and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp). The myelin-associated inhibitors all appear to be present in undamaged myelin and may have roles other than the block of regeneration or inadvertent sprouting. Following the binding of each of the myelin-associated inhibitors to the NgR-p75NTR-LINGO receptor complex, there is an induction of a signaling pathway which eventually leads to the blockage of neurite extension from damaged or naïve adult neurons. If the binding or signaling of a single receptor complex can be compromised, it may be possible to permit sufficient regeneration in the adult mammalian CNS after injury, particularly prior to formation of the glial scar.