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  • 7 - The Second World War and the Establishment of the Communist Regime, 1939–1944

  • from Part II - State and Nation Construction
  • Bernd J. Fischer, Oliver Jens Schmitt, Universität Wien, Austria
  • Book:
    A Concise History of Albania
    Published online:
    18 October 2022
    Print publication:
    29 September 2022, pp 226-273

  • Summary

    Chapter 7 describes events in Albania during the Second World War. During this critical period, two different Albanias are constructed. Following the Italian invasion a series of puppet regimes are installed which initially gain some support as Rome invests heavily in much-needed infrastructure and general development. Mussolini hopes to gain further support by encouraging "Greater Albania" dreams through his ultimately disastrous invasion of Greece. The chapter examines the formation of the Albanian Communist Party and the resultant growth in resistance movements. With the Italian collapse, the Germans invade and occupy Albania, constructing their own puppet regimes that gain only limited support. As the end of the war nears, the resistance degenerates into civil war. With the help of extensive British aid, the communist-dominated partisans, as the only national movement and the only group untainted by collaboration, are victorious and construct a new regime. The chapter concludes with an evaluation of the profound impact of the war.