The most efficient method of tsetse control remains the application of insecticides to that vegetation which provides the flies' resting sites. This paper briefly examines the observed toxic effects of insecticides on non-target organisms, which depends on the compound used, on its formulation and on the application technique. The importance is stressed of initiating research on toxicology and on the population dynamics of a few non-target species affected by insecticide applications. The problems of insecticide applications in game reserves are discussed. Following tsetse elimination, intensified efforts must be made to protect the fauna, within the framework of a general management programme for the whole of the reclaimed territory. The possibility of a rational exploitation of the natural fauna as a source of meat for human consumption is also mentioned.
