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  • 12 - The Ex-Emperor in Exile

  • Edited by Jan C. Jansen, The University of Tübingen, Kirsten McKenzie, University of Sydney
  • Book:
    Mobility and Coercion in an Age of Wars and Revolutions
    Published online:
    09 May 2024
    Print publication:
    16 May 2024, pp 258-280
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  • Summary

    Agustín de Iturbide was a renowned Spanish American military man who switched sides and led his Army of the Three Guarantees to declare Mexico’s independence in 1821. Within a year, Iturbide was forced off the throne and sent into exile on the condition that he never return. The ex-Emperor quickly broke his promise and traveled to London, where he spent four months conspiring with politicians, merchants, and bankers. He departed for Mexico in May 1824 and was executed soon after landing. Iturbide’s interregnum in London was significant – for the future direction of the young Mexican state, for political debates about recognition, for relations with Spain and the Holy Alliance, and for those merchants who were interested in Mexican markets and silver. This chapter describes the lived experience of a prominent exile whose fate was closely followed on three continents and offers a case study of the exile experience during the Age of Revolutions.