In the last three decades the English-speaking stage has witnessed an explosion of plays and performances that deal with scientific topics and issues. Along with the increasing popularity of this ‘science play’ phenomenon, theatre and literary scholars have begun to define, contextualize, and categorize these plays, based on the topics, means, and aims that they cover, via analysis of specific works. The result of these attempts are a number of taxonomies provided by Judith Kupferman, Kirsten Shepherd-Barr, Carl Djerassi, and Eva-Sabine Zehelein. In this essay Seyedeh Anahit Kazzazi provides a critical examination of these categorizations in order to demonstrate their assets and difficulties, and suggests a new taxonomy and analytical framework based on text-based drama, perform ance, and the specific function of science in the plays. The essay includes full listings of science plays written after 1990 in the United Kingdom and the USA, categorized according to the taxonomy suggested. Seyedeh Anahit Kazzazi received her doctorate from the University of Sussex in 2017, and is currently examining the intersection between science, literature, philosophy, and theatre.