This chapter talks about a 69-year-old man who developed a Kluver-Bucy syndrome (KBS), pseudobulbar affect, depression, and psychosis after multiple cerebral ischemic lesions. Detailed neurological and cognitive evaluations were conducted beginning at age 71. The initial diagnostic impression was that this patient developed a complex and severe neuropsychiatric symptomatology associated with a dementia syndrome secondary to vascular disease, although the presence of a neurodegenerative disease could not be ruled out. This patient presented with a significant neuropsychiatric symptomatology after several episodes of strokes. However, the severity of the vascular disease detected by MRI did not explain these symptoms, which initially led to the assumption that a cortical neurodegenerative disorder was also present. The most interesting aspect of this patient was that he had persistent behavioral symptomatology in the context of a stable or improving cognitive syndrome.