The ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the mammalian retina contains a
large number of neurons called displaced amacrine cells (DACs) that do
not project to the optic nerve. However, with the exception of the
rabbit starburst amacrine cell little is known regarding the function
of this large population due to the difficulty experienced in making
physiological recordings from these neurons. We have overcome these
difficulties and have used whole-cell patch-clamp techniques to examine
the intrinsic membrane properties of DACs in the ferret retina. Our
results indicate a large degree of diversity in their intrinsic
membrane properties. In response to maintained depolarizing current
injection, DACs responded with graded depolarization or by eliciting
either transient or sustained bursts of spiking activity. At the
resting membrane potential, 10% of the DACs generated spontaneous
spikes in either an apparently random manner or at the peak of
intrinsic waves of depolarization. The resting membrane activity of the
remaining DACs recorded could be classified into three groups that were
quiescent (28%), had robust uncorrelated synaptic activity (30%), or
underwent slow waves of depolarization (42%). Diversity was also
revealed in the membrane currents recorded in voltage-clamp where some
DACs were quiescent (19%), or exhibited robust nonrhythmic synaptic
events (42%). The remaining DACs exhibited waves of oscillatory
activity (39%), characterized by either rhythmic bursts of synaptic
events (17%) or slow inward currents (22%). Bath application of 50
μM biccuculine or 150 μM picrotoxin had no effect on the waves
of activity, however, the gap junction blocker, carbenoxolone (100
μm), blocked both oscillatory patterns. By including Lucifer yellow
and biocytin in the recording pipette, it was possible to determine the
morphology of recorded neurons and group them based on dendritic extent
as small-, medium-, or large-field DACs. There were few relationships
between these morphologically defined groups and their intrinsic
membrane properties. The present study provides the first in-depth
examination of the intrinsic membrane properties of DACs in the ferret
retina and provides new insights into the potential roles these neurons
play in the processing of visual information in the mammalian
retina.