Because of different phenotypic approaches, data on depression prevalence is variable and controversial.

The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of different depressive phenotypes in the Russian population (DSM criteria based self-report vs HADS questionnaire).

The data was from the on-line survey of 5116 clients of Genotek Ltd. (males - 50,63%; age - Me=35 (Q1-30;Q3-42)). The survey included questions on sex, age; sel-report adapted major depression DSM-V criteria questionnaire and depression subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

DSM Major depression phenotype was detected with moderately-high prevalence - 17,67% (N=904). The DSM depression phenotype was more prevalent in women (22,72%) compared to men (12,74%, p<0,001) and in younger individuals (10,18%, p<0,001) compared to older ones (6,16%). HADS-D clinical depression phenotype (score>11) was less prevalent (3,4%) with no significant differences for sex and age. However, the prevalence increased with HADS-D subclinical scores (>8) - 14,97%. HADS-D scores were higher in DSM-depression phenotype individuals compared to ones without DSM phenotype (5,822(3,221) vs. 3,893(2,437), p< 0,001).

Our results showed variable prevalence of depression with different phenotypic approaches. The differences could be associated with the clinical severity of the symptoms and the life-time evaluation in DSM compared to only current symptoms for HADS. Further research is needed to understand the factors affecting the phenotyping approaches and providing the most effective and valid instrument for depression prevalence evaluation. Research is supported by an RSF grant №20-15-00132.

Research is supported by an RSF grant №20-15-00132.

COVID-19 is a multifaceted disease establishing differences in terms of its occurrence, manner of clinical presentation and disease predilection. While mental health becomes one of the less analyzed aspects, addressing anxiety and depression allows clinicians to provide more patient-centered care in this pandemic era.

This study determined the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients admitted for at least 14 days at COVID wards of East Avenue Medical using the validated Filipino version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-P), and described the socioeconomic, psychosocial, clinical factors affecting its development among COVID-19 patients.

232 patients admitted at COVID ward of East Avenue Medical Center for at least 14 days were included in the study. Participants were interviewed using the validated Filipino version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS-P) questionnaire. STATA 13.1 was used for data analysis at 95% confidence interval

Anxiety was significantly correlated with hypertension (p= 0.044), diabetes (p= 0.008), employment status (p= 0.038), and with patients who had family members with COVID- 19 (p= 0.033). Depressive symptoms occurred more likely in Chronic Kidney Disease and in COVID-19 suspects. Most participants had a normal HADS-P anxiety (6) and depression (4) median scores. Mild symptoms of anxiety (n=55) and depression (n=30) were noted among participants. The severity of COVID-19 classification was a statistically significant variable for developing anxiety symptoms.

Identifying predictors of developing anxiety and depressive symptoms enables us to develop better strategies in addressing mental health as one of the important aspects of patient management during this pandemic.

No significant relationships.

Residency training has been reported as being stressful which may lead to different mental disorders.

To study the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression symptoms among psychiatry residents.

A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey among psychiatry residents. Participants completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire and the HADS questionnaire for screening anxiety and depression.

Forty responses were collected.The average age of the sample was 28.08 ± 2.43 and the sex-ratio (F/M) was 0.875. Eleven participants were married. Eight residents were smokers. The prevalence of alcohol use and cannabis use was 22.5 % and 5% respectively. Half of participants were first year residents and near three-quarter of them (72.5%) declared working in poor conditions. A considerable proportion of participants had symptoms of anxiety and depression. The prevalence of anxiety case and depression case was 52.5% and 47.5% respectively. The prevalence of Anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms was significantly higher in female participants (p = 0.017, p=0.034 respectively). Poor conditions of the workplace were significantly associated with depression symptoms (p=0.004).

Training residents in psychiatry showed high rates of anxiety and depression symptoms. Screening and early management of these psychiatric manifestations is necessary. In addition, improving working conditions would upgrade their training and quality of life.

No significant relationships.

To examine the risk of depression and anxiety in MS patients in the post-diagnostic period by using clinical screening instruments and a diagnostic structured clinical interview.

A population of 134 MS patients was examined for the risk of depression and anxiety in the post-diagnostic period of MS using the clinical screening instruments Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Within six weeks of diagnosis, patients with cut-off > 12 for BDI and > 7 for HADS were offered a clinical structured interview using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry/SCAN Version 2.1.

The prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in the post-diagnostic period of MS was 49.2% when using the screening instruments, but only 15.2% when using the SCAN interview. For anxiety, the prevalence was 3.4% for both the screening instruments and the SCAN interview in the post-diagnostic period of MS.

MS patients have a risk of depression and anxiety in the post-diagnostic period of MS, but it is crucial to consider which tools to use in a clinical setting to investigate depression and anxiety in MS patients.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Our aim was to examine the accuracy of the German version of the Distress Thermometer (DT) compared with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patients with palliative care needs living at home.

Ours was a 15-month cross-sectional study beginning in September of 2013 in Germany with consecutive patients cared for by a palliative home care service. The survey was implemented during the initial visit by a home care team. Patients were excluded if they were under 18 years of age, mentally or physically unable to complete the assessment questionnaires as judged by their healthcare worker, or unable to understand the German language. During the first encounter, the DT and HADS were applied, and sociodemographic and medical data were collected.

A total of 89 persons completed both the HADS and DT questionnaires (response rate = 59.7%; mean age = 67 years; female = 55.1%; married = 65.2%; living home with relatives = 73.0%; oncological condition = 92.1%; Karnofsky Performance Scale [KPS] score: 0–40 = 30.3%, 50–70 = 57.3%, >80 = 6.7%). The mean DT score was 6.3 (±2.3), with 84.3% of participants scoring above the DT cutoff (≥4). The mean HADStotal score was 17.9 (±7.8), where 64% of participants had a total HADS score (HADStotal) ≥15, 51.7% reported anxiety (HADSanxiety ≥ 8), and 73% reported depression (HADSdepression ≥ 8). Using the HADS as a gold standard, a DT cutoff score ≥5 was optimal for identifying severe distress in patients with palliative care needs, with a sensitivity of 93.0%, a specificity of 34.4%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 73.3%, and likelihood ratios LR+ = 1.42 (<3) and –LR = 0.203 (<0.3).

The DT performed satisfactorily compared to the HADS in screening for distress in our study and can be employed as an instrument for identification of patients with distress. Consequent to the high prevalence of distress, we recommend its routine use for screening distressed persons at home with palliative care needs in order to offer adequate support.

Depression is common among chronically ill patients and their relatives. In this article, we investigated the prevalence of depression among relatives of cancer patients in Jordan, and studied the relation between several socio-demographic, disease- and treatment-related factors, together with the occurrence of depression among those relatives.

A cross-sectional survey study was conducted at a major university hospital in Jordan. Relatives of cancer patients were interviewed for socio-demographic information, and medical records were checked for information about disease and treatment of patient. Psychological status of the relative was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale (HADS).

The prevalence of depression in our sample was 81.9%. Age and degree of relatedness were significantly correlated with the occurrence of depression among relatives of cancer patients. Significant correlations were also detected between depression among patient's relatives and the stage of the disease. Positive predictive factors for depression included relatives being middle aged, close relatedness, patients being in advanced disease stage, and on chemotherapy or undergoing surgery for cancer treatment.

Depression is prevalent among relatives of cancer patients. Therefore, more attention is needed to detect changes in the psychological state of vulnerable relatives of cancer patients, in an effort to reduce the occurrence of depression.