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2 results

  • Adverse childhood experience referring to parental relationship is associated with the risk of alcohol dependence and with COMT Val158Met polymorphism, but out of gene-environment interactions

  • T. Merkulova, N. Chuprova, M. Solovieva, A. Nikolishin, A. Kibitov, S. Grechany, N. Baranok, K. Rybakova, V. Soldatkin, A. Yakovlev, A. Trusova, P. Ponizovsky, E. Krupitsky
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 September 2022, p. S127
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  • Introduction

    Gene-environment interactions (GxE) are considered to make a substantial impact on the risk of alcohol dependence (AD).

    Objectives

    The aim of the study: to test the associations between the functional polymorphism Val158Met (rs6265) in the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene, affecting dopamine neurotransmission, and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and their GxE interactions with AD risk.

    Methods

    The study included 149 AD inpatients (mean age 29.9 (SD=3.91), 16.1% females) and 201 healthy volunteers (23.3 (2.48), 30.1% females). The Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) was used for assessing ACE. COMT Val158Met polymorphism was detected by RT-PCR.

    Results

    First, COMT Val158Met polymorphism was associated only with adverse childhood experience referring o parental relationship (ACE-IQ), but differently in two groups. Healthy minor Met158 carriers have lower scores on the subscale “relationship with parents/guardians” (P) (p=0.025) and “physical neglect” (PN) (p=0.059) vs. homozygous Val158 carriers. However, AD patients - Met158carriers have a tendency to a higher score on the subscale “one or no parents, parental separation or divorce” (PSD) (p=0.078). Then logistic regression revealed associations of these ACE scores with increased AD risk: P (p=0.001, OR=1.186, 95%CI [1.069-1.315]), PN (p=0.024, OR=1.254, 95%CI [1.030-1.526]), and PSD (p=0.016, OR=1.499, 95%CI [1.080-2.082]). No associations of COMT Val158Met alone or in interactions with these ACE-IQ scores with the AD risk were found.

    Conclusions

    Adverse childhood experience referring to parental relationship is associated with alcohol dependence risk and separately with COMT Val158Met, but no clear interactions in frame of GxE has been supported.

    Disclosure

    No significant relationships.

  • Interaction Between Experience Seeking and Genetic and Environmental Influences on General Cognitive Ability

  • Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen, Sophie van der Sluis, Danielle Posthuma
  • Journal:
    Twin Research and Human Genetics / Volume 15 / Issue 1 / February 2012
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 March 2012, pp. 87-96
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  • Although it is well established that experience seeking behavior (ES) is positively related to cognitive functioning, the mechanisms underlying this association are not clearly understood. In a large sample of adult twins and siblings (N = 864, age range 23–75), we studied the causes of covariation between ES and general cognitive ability and we studied whether ES moderates the genetic and environmental causes of variation in general cognitive ability. Results demonstrate a phenotypic correlation of .17 (p <.001) between general cognitive ability and ES, with a common genetic and common environmental background. Moreover, the extent to which genetic and environmental factors are shared between general cognitive ability and ES is increased in individuals with either lower or higher levels of ES. In addition, the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence individual differences in general cognitive ability in adults partly depended on ES. Standardized influences of additive genetic factors on general cognitive ability ranged from 13% to 99%, with lower estimates in higher levels of ES, while standardized estimates of environmental factors ranged from almost 1% to 87%, with higher estimates in higher levels of ES. Hence, ES and cognitive ability are not only associated through common genetic and environmental factors, but also via moderating effects of genetic and environmental influences on cognitive ability by ES. These findings have implications for future studies on the association between ES and general cognitive ability, and for future research on the genetics of cognitive ability.