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3 results

Hierarchy of Needs and the Measurement of Poverty and Standards of Living

Hierarchy of Needs and the Measurement of Poverty and Standards of Living
  • Joseph Deutsch, Jacques Silber
  • Published online:
    08 February 2024
    Print publication:
    22 February 2024
    • Element
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      • Open access
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  • The focus of this Element is on the idea that choice is hierarchical so that there exists an order of acquisition of durable goods and assets as real incomes increase. Two main approaches to deriving such an order are presented, the so-called Paroush approach and Item Response Theory. An empirical illustration follows, based on the 2019 Eurobarometer Survey. The Element ends with two sections showing first how measures of inequality, poverty and welfare may be derived from such an order of acquisition, second that there is also an order of curtailment of expenditures when individuals face financial difficulties. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

  • 5 - Public Opinion and Political Participation

  • from Part II - Key Actors in EU Politics: Citizens, Interest Groups and Political Parties
  • Herman Lelieveldt, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands, Sebastiaan Princen, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • Book:
    The Politics of the European Union
    Published online:
    30 March 2023
    Print publication:
    20 April 2023, pp 103-118

  • Summary

    This chapter presents key findings about people’s opinions on the EU as well as their participation in EP elections and referendums. It shows how evaluations of the EU have evolved from a permissive consensus in the early years of European cooperation to a constraining dissensus that has emerged since the 1990s. The chapter outlines the factors that determine people’s votes in EP elections as well as the different types of referenda that member states have organized with respect to EU affairs. Support for the EU can be explained by the benefits people derive from it, the beliefs they have about politics and identity and benchmarks. Citizens also take cues from political parties and politicians in making up their minds about the EU. Issues of identity have become more prominent in determining people’s stance towards politics, both at the national and at the European level. The more critical stance of EU citizens towards European integration has increased the support for Eurosceptic political parties, which want to see a smaller role for the EU.

  • Collective levels of stigma and national suicide rates in 25 European countries

  • G. Schomerus, S. Evans-Lacko, N. Rüsch, R. Mojtabai, M. C. Angermeyer, G. Thornicroft
  • Journal:
    Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences / Volume 24 / Issue 2 / April 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    27 February 2014, pp. 166-171
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  • Aims.

    There is substantial diversity in national suicide rates, which has mainly been related to socio-economic factors, as well as cultural factors. Stigma is a cultural phenomenon, determining the level of social acceptance or rejection of persons with mental illness in a society. In this study, we explore whether national suicide rates are related to the degree of mental illness stigma in that country.

    Methods.

    We combine the data on country-level social acceptance (Eurobarometer) with the data on suicide rates and socio-economic indicators (Eurostat) for 25 European countries.

    Results.

    In a linear regression model controlling for socio-economic indicators, the social acceptance of someone with a significant mental health problem in 2010 was negatively correlated with age standardised national suicide rates in the same year (β −0.46, p = 0.014). This association also held true when combining national suicide rates with death rates due to events of undetermined intent.

    Conclusions.

    Stigma towards persons with mental health problems may contribute to differences in suicide rates in a country. We hypothesise possible mechanisms explaining this link, including stigma as a stressor and social isolation as a consequence of stigma.