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3 results

  • 11 - First Parthian Conquest, 141 BC, to the Visit of Trajan in AD 116

  • Stephanie Dalley, University of Oxford
  • Book:
    The City of Babylon
    Published online:
    23 June 2021
    Print publication:
    08 July 2021, pp 308-318

  • Summary

    Early attempts by Parthian rulers to take Babylon were short-lived, but in 141 BC they established their kingship by celebrating the New Year festival. Chronicles and astronomical diaries continued to be written. An independent ruler of Maysan in the Sealand, Hyspaosines, captured the port on the Tigris, took control of Bahrain and Failaka to control Gulf trade, and briefly claimed kingship of Babylon. He wrote in Aramaic. The Parthians regained control and rebuilt the Greek theatre. The old buildings and city plan continued to be in use, although the Summer Palace had been reroofed with terracotta tiles. New kinds of text were written on clay in cuneiform, astronomical science developed; an archive shows that temples were still active, and much older literature was still prized. Greek knowledge of the Epic of Creation was still alive in Athens from the time of Alexander until the sixth century AD. The cult of Bēl had spread west to Palmyra, to the Aegean island of Kos, and north to Edessa. In AD 116 Trajan visited the Summer Palace on a pilgrimage to the place where Alexander had died.

  • EPA-0286 - Job Satisfaction Among Group of Nurses in General-hospitals - erbil City

  • S. Ali, J.W.A.N. Sabir, S. Bakir
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 29 / Issue S1 / 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 April 2020, p. 1
    • Article
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  • Background:

    Job satisfaction greatly determines the productivity and efficiency of human resources for health. Job satisfaction is said to be linked with employee's work environment, job responsibilities, powers; and time pressure among various health professionals. Objective of this study is to find out level of nurse job satisfaction and its association with different demographical variables.

    Subjects and method:

    Across section study was conducted in major eight hospitals in Erbil city which is the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan Region, from 1st of January 2012 to 1st January of 2013. Convenient type sample was choosed and involved 127 College graduated nurses from all (200) nurses in the service. Two types of questionnaires were used, 1st one closed ended questionnaire that include demographical criteria. 2nd type was Job Satisfaction Scale, a five-point Likert type scale with 15 items. SPSS was used for entering data and analyzing the results.

    Results:

    Out of all 127 nurses 63.8% were neither satisfied nor unsatisfied, 22% were satisfied while only 14.2 were not satisfied with their job. There was one only significant relation between job satisfaction and gender with p value≤ 0.05, while there were no significant association observed between job satisfaction and other demographic variables.

    Conclusion:

    Our findings state a low level of overall satisfaction among nurses in major governmental hospitals in Erbil city. This ambiguous response may be due to poor environment of work, unclear future promotion, missing their real work position, attention and respect.

  • Substance Abuse Among Prisoner in Erbil/Iraq

  • S. Ali, J.W.A.N. Zangna, T.A.R.A. Sirwan
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 April 2020, p. 1
    • Article
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  • Background and objectives

    Large proportions of people who enter the criminal act andprison have a history of drug use. Many of these people continue to use drugswhile in prison. As there havebeen no recent studies of substance use in prisoners among our community, wehave conducted this study of the prevalence of substanceabuse and dependence in prisoners.

    Methods

    This study was conducted atdirectorate of adult reformatory prison in Erbil city, within a period of 6months between 15th of March to 15 September 2014. A convenient sample of 100sentenced male prisoners from the entire number during the period of the studywas selected. After randomization each prisoner was assessed throughsemi-structured interview based on the DSM IV. Drug abuse patterns and the relationship among addiction, crimeprevalence, and some personal as well as socio-demographic characteristics werestudied.

    Results

    Accordingto the findings, characteristics such as age, education level, economic status, urban and/or rural status, all have an effects on the rate of drug use and, oncrime commitment and its re-occurrence. Accordingly, younger age, lowersocioeconomic status and urban residence showed a relationship with tendency tocommit crime.

    Conclusion

    The prevalence of substance abuse anddependence, although highly variable, is typically many orders of magnitudehigher in prisoners than the general population. This highlights the need forscreening for substance abuse and dependence at reception into prison, effective treatment while in custody, and follow-up on release.