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1 results

  • 20 - The Limits of an American Modernist Avant-Garde

  • from Part II - Forms, Genre, and Media
  • Edited by Mark Whalan, University of Oregon
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of American Modernism
    Published online:
    13 July 2023
    Print publication:
    20 July 2023, pp 349-363

  • Summary

    Why is conceptualizing an American avant-garde particularly problematic? How productive is the term “avant-garde” for understanding the development of American modernism? As a concept, the “avant-garde” was defined almost entirely by theorists affiliated in various ways with the Frankfurt School using examples and with political expectations forged in western Europe. Various political and historical assumptions led to theories framing American modernist aesthetics as an impoverished variant of the European model. This chapter begins with a survey of some important theories of the avant-garde before considering the classic American modernist avant-garde – the years 1914–17 in Greenwich Village, New York City – as a case study, using poet William Carlos Williams as its touchstone. Evaluated from the perspective of European accounts, it suggests some limitations to the predominantly European framework of the avant-garde in illuminating American modernism with the example of another American poet: Hart Crane.